23 results
Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
• Oliguria Chronic ... (CKD): • GFR < ... OR • GFR < 60 ... • Decrease in GFR ... • GFR ≥ 60 ml/min
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... function (eGFR ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis GI losses ... sensitivity in kidneys ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... Diagnosis, and ... chronic kidney ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Increased production
 • Solid-organ transplant
 • Tumor lysis syndrome
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Lesch Nyhan
Causes of Hyperuricemia ... Associated with chronic ... (CKD) stages 2-5 ... #UricAcid #diagnosis ... #differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential ... Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
mobility, thickened and ... Age-related changes, chronic ... kidney disease ... tumor (left atrial myxoma ... #diagnosis #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... stones caused by ... chronic kidney ... #Medications #Table
Primary and Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis

Primary osteoporosis 
 - idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis 
 -  postmenopausal
hyperprolactinemia - diabetes ... diseases - multiple myeloma ... immobilization - chronic ... #Differential # ... Endocrine #Diagnosis
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes