12 results
Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
• Oliguria Chronic ... (CKD): • GFR < ... • AKI, OR • GFR ... • Decrease in GFR ... • GFR ≥ 60 ml/min
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... function (eGFR ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):

Individualize BP-lowering therapy and treatment targets in people with frailty, high risk of
Chronic Kidney Disease ... (CKD): Individualize ... Initial dips in eGFR ... GFR reductions of ... #CKD #eGFR #Kidney
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Increased production
 • Solid-organ transplant
 • Tumor lysis syndrome
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Lesch Nyhan
Causes of Hyperuricemia ... Associated with chronic ... (CKD) stages 2-5 ... Hyperuricemia #Causes ... UricAcid #diagnosis #differential
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... Age-related changes, chronic ... kidney disease ... tumor (left atrial myxoma ... #diagnosis #differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... myoglobin • Myeloma ... imaging #Acute #Kidney ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... sensitivity in kidneys ... cisplatin) - Chronic ... hypercalcemia - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... kidney disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... Algorithm Vascular Causes ... lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma ... > 2 • NASH, Chronic ... injury: > 3 • Chronic
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... markedly reduced GFR ... #Diagnosis #Causes