10 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Excretion: ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
trial • Minimal K ... shift • Saline Causes ... volume and sodium excretion ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Appropriate renal excretion ... (GFR, TTKG, distal ... Decreased Na+-K+ ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
- Differential ... Decreased Urinary Excretion ... to Aldosterone: K ... depletion, - AKI/CKD ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Facial Swelling - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Contact dermatitis (CD ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Acromegaly - Diagnosis ... Mortality due to CVD ... Differential Diagnosis ... mixed adenoma, ↓(TFT ... or refractory cases
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
Electrolytes (K, ... and proteins (CK ... Differential Diagnosis ... Crush injuries • Exertion ... #Diagnosis #Causes