36 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Chronic liver or kidney ... disease • Lifestyle ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
causes of Acute Kidney ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... GNs: Disease process ... to kidney e.g. ... Due to systemic disease
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... /osteoporosis, Kidney ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... with systemic diseases ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... Neurogenic bladder • Urinary ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
Causes == Primary ... Liver Function Tests ... Cholestatic liver disease ... Myelodisplastic syndrome ... Psychiatric Disease
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... clinical context and signs ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... imaging #Acute #Kidney
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... broad - Advanced kidney ... disease Red blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute Kidney ... • Inflammatory disease ... POST-RENAL Urinary ... #Differential #Nephrology ... GrepMed Recommended Text
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... syndrome • Hyponatremia ... diseasePrimary ... insipidus • Primary ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology