20 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential #
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential ... Diagnosis Increased ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Metabolic acidosis ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... Tubulointerstitial injury ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... acidosis and metabolic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... Elimination (see Table ... #Diagnosis #Management
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Acute spinal cord injury ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis and Management ... per day until stable ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #Management