68 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... Differential #Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #nephrology #PTH
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renin secreting tumor ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
BRASH Syndrome

B - Bradycardia
R - Renal failure
A - AV nodal blockade
S - Shock
H - Hyperkalemia

Typical ECG
BRASH Syndrome ... Typical ECG ... ) BRASH Treatment ... DrEricStrong #BRASH #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Renin-secreting tumor ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Lysis Syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... Lysis Syndrome: ... #Lysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #diagnosis
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
An acute, life-threatening condition that appears within 7 days of starting cytotoxic therapies in
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... malignancies Treatments ... 6L/day) • For hyperkalemia ... with Ca only if EKG ... #Lysis #Syndrome
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Rhabdomyolysis • Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... malignancies Treatment ... sinusoidal obstructive syndrome ... Capillary leak syndrome ... lysis syndrome