32 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hormonal Regulation ... of the Blood Calcium ... Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hormones
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

#Parathyroid #hormone #PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
of Parathyroid hormone ... Calcitonin on Calcium ... #Parathyroid #hormone ... phosphate #metabolism #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... and intestinal calcium ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone