35 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... )-alkali syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... , Kidney Disease ... Syndrome - ... Calcium Sequestration ... #Management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Granulomatous Disease ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
HyperCalcemia- calcium ... more: • Clonal bone ... focal lesions on MRI ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Infrapatellar fat-pad edema with loss of the patellar tendon
- MSK Radiology ... fragmentation and mild bone ... • MRI is more sensitive ... patella #clinical #mri ... #msk
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cushing's Disease ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Ovoid hypointense structures along the bursal surface
(HADD) - MSK Radiology ... consistent with Calcium ... adjacent to the Calcium ... Case description ... #msk
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... and less common diseases ... Non-inflammatory causes ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... consistent with MS