13 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... - Accelerated Bone ... Formation: Hungy Bone ... Signaling #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Malignancy • PTH-Related ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Ca2+, ↑ PO4- PTH ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary # ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... PTH-mediated ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 2) PTH - Frankly ... Vit D • If all ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... : Inhibitor of bone ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
vitamin D and PTH ... PTH acts to increase ... and stimulating bone ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology