31 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... : Inhibitor of bone ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... lateral hip Signs/Symptoms ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
-> Reduced Bone ... Formation, Increased Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
and underlying bone ... joint capsule or bone ... Diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
Trauma to the long bone ... Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms