21 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... osteoporosis, Kidney ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... resorption in the bone ... reabsorption in kidney ... Cell of lung, Renal
Horseshoe Kidney on Transverse Abdominal POCUS

Dr. Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM

#Horseshoe #Kidney #Transverse #Abdominal #POCUS #Renal #Ultrasound #Clinical
Horseshoe Kidney ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #Horseshoe #Kidney ... Abdominal #POCUS #Renal ... #Ultrasound #Clinical
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Chronic liver or kidney ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
tubule of the kidney ... • softening of bones ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure
Normal prominent medullary pyramids on renal POCUS
No hydronephrosis. Has prominent medullary pyramids. They can appear markedly
medullary pyramids on renal ... they taper toward renal ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #kidney #POCUS ... #clinical #ultrasound
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Pathologic fractures Renal ... , Incr renal [Ca2 ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Autosomal dominant PCKD with liver involvement on Renal Ultrasound
Multiple anechoic cysts seen in the kidney and
Ultrasound Multiple ... cysts seen in the kidney ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #kidney #cystic ... #disease #Ultrasound
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic Renal ... , Normal sized kidneys ... • Polycystic Kidney ... Carcinoma - No signs ... of infection - Renal
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
phosphorous in bones ... high-resolution ultrasound ... CPPD #Disease #Signs ... #Symptoms #Pathophysiology