56 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... resorption in the bone ... Cell of lung, Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Most common symptoms ... Pregnancy - Renal ... symptoms - Pain ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... in macrophages Diagnosis ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Gauchers #Disease #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Colchicine Toxicity 
Naturally-occurring plant alkaloid [Autumn Crocus and Glory Lilly]
2-24 hrs 
 • Severe GI distress
2-7 days • Bone ... Rhabdomyolysis • Renal ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Symptoms ... #Signs #Diagnosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... . thvroid. and renal ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Malignant #Radiology #Diagnosis
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
(RCC) - Diagnosis ... Symptoms of metastatic ... Bone scan is indicated ... patients with bone ... Carcinoma #RCC #Diagnosis