37 results
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... for Hemolytic Anemia ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... drug induced • Infections ... #Differential #
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... circulation - Infections ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... (e.g. primary cold ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Clinical Presentation ... • Symptoms of anemia ... younger pts) Differential ... Symptoms: High fevers ... #hematology #diagnosis
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
Tachypnea - Differential ... Tachypnea: • Anemia ... dysfunction; toxic ingestions ... • Temperature/FEVER ... Tachypnea #Hyperpnea #Differential
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
Generalized Weakness - Differential ... : CHF, valves, COPD ... ILD, OSA, pHTN, Anemia ... Rhabdomyolysis, Critical ... #Diagnosis #causes
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... : • Fever • Fatigue ... /fevers • Thrombocytopenia ... and petechiae Causes ... and thymoma DDX
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
and clinical associations ... Infections 2. ... symptoms - Headache, fever ... Urticaria #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #comparison #table
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... Diagnosis Infectious ... : • Rheumatologic ... Mediterranean Fever
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Agglutination - Cold ... inclusions - If infection ... bartonella (oroya fever