63 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
- Differential ... Osteoarthritis - Overuse syndrome ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... - Giant cell tumor ... #causes #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
nephropathy • Solid tumors ... Interleukin-2) • Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... Classification #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor ... lysis syndrome, ... inhibitors, Familial tumoral ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions ... Hemopericardium)- Differential ... PRIMARY Cardiac tumors ... Hemopericardium #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
of Pericardial Effusion ... - Differential ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Mediastinal Widening - Differential Diagnosis

 • Vascular: Aortic dissection, Aortic anourysm, Enlarged pulmonary arteries, Venous or
Mediastinal Widening - Differential ... Lymphoma, Germ cell tumor ... Pneumomediastinum, Pericardial effusion ... Mediastinal #Widening #Differential ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #radiology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Excessive IV Mg infusion ... Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential