53 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
transfusion • Tumor ... Normal, Renin High ... • Congenital adrenal ... Addison's/congenital adrenal ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome ... ) - Comparison Table ... SIADH #Comparison #Table ... #Pathophysiology ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
or Low Renin, High ... - Congenital adrenal ... Renin-secreting tumor ... - Cushing’s syndrome ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... aldosteronism • High ... Renin-secreting tumor ... , Congenital Adrenal ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Chloride depletion syndromes ... chloridorrhea - High-volume ... villous adenomas • Renal ... • Severe potassium ... depletion (serum potassium
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Diagnosis Algorithm ADRENAL ... Adrenal • Congenital ... Adrenal • Hyperplasia ... Tumor Low Serum ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... mmol creatinine) High ... Renin secreting tumor ... ↑ Aldosterone: Adrenal ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... urinary losses: • High ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Congenital adrenal ... #differential #potassium
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Allantoin (High ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology