21 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
Diagram of different types ... of bone tumors ... ) • Enostosis/bone ... docskalski #Knee #Bone ... Tumors #Diagnosis #Bony
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
Diagram of different types ... of bone tumors ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential # ... Radiology #XRay #MSK
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Tumours - See Bone ... Phosphate Deficiency Primary ... • Bone Marrow ... Malignancy • Drugs (e.g ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Pathophsiology ... Neurological involvement (type ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Deprivation • Primary ... • Cushing's Disease ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Paget’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Incr serum CTx - marker of bone resorption
 •
Paget’s Disease: ... CTx - marker of bone ... resorption • Lytic bone ... ALP - marker of bone ... #symptoms