2995 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa ... Cirrhosis • UNa ... differential #algorithm #causes
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... • With lower Na ... administered • Can cause ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
status and measure UNa ... considered likely, the cause
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
electrolyte abnormality caused ... in blood urea causes ... concentration (UNa ... intravascular volume; UNa ... SIADH #Thiazides #UNAa
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Treat underlying cause ... • With lower Na ... administered • This can cause ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... Re-check the serum Na
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... volume (↓distal Na ... ± Urine Lytes: UNa ... suggests ↓ distal Na ... only if no clear cause
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... Vasculits: ANCA, ANA ... Anti-GBM, Anti-ds-DNA ... , C3/C4, ENA, immunoglobulins ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
• Lupus (SLE): ANA ... double-stranded DNA ... Anti-centromere, Scl-70 (DNA ... topoisomerase I), RNA
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes