17 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Central diabetes insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... renal disease, Obstructive ... #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... prolonged urinary obstruction ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... nephritis • Obstructive ... transplant • Obstructive ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Hepatic sinusoidal obstructive ... bladder outlet obstruction ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
persistent severe pain, Obstruction ... protein - Low sodium ... alkalinisation: potassium ... alkalinization: potassium ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology