43 results
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
renal, Bladder, Breast ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
Alveolar Cells of Breast ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... - Inherited Urea ... of ammonia: - Urease ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Prostatitis - Urease-producing ... Klebsiella) degrade urea ... which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... act together to break ... Please see details ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
- Metastatic (breast ... Unilateral #Bilateral #Causes ... #ophthalmology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
• Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology