14 results
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy ... - Pathophysiology ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Hormone Intake • Chronic ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... Spots Stage 4: Malignant ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Malignancy • ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumours - See Bone ... - Secondary to Chronic ... Endocrinopathy • Malignancy ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... /lsotretinoin Malignancy ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
findings Acute or Chronic ... into contiguous areas ... postauricular crease ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology