12 results
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Hormone Intake • Chronic ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Primary Bone Tumors ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... • Acute and chronic ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumours - See Bone ... - Secondary to Chronic ... Phosphate Deficiency Primary ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Deprivation • Primary ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... Chronic UTI) • ... endocrinology #causes
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Chronic leukemia ... with a relatively chronic ... crises • Blasts ... + distinctive primary ... Intracellular Urate
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... an underlying cause ... up EPO levels Primary ... normal/high - Chronic ... about secondary causes