11 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy ... - Pathophysiology ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... D) Increased bone ... Malignancy • ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... Spots Stage 4: Malignant ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... /lsotretinoin Malignancy ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... Drugs • HIV • Malignancy ... #Causes
Accessory Breast Tissue on POCUS
Painful axillary swelling. Recent vaginal delivery. Concern for soft tissue infection. POCUS
Accessory Breast ... POCUS done. ... for potential malignant ... like pectoral breast ... #Accessory #Breast
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... Infiltration: Often breast ... Biliary stone, Malignancy ... hemolysis) • ALP: Bone