11 results
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... #Endocrinology ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... infarcts from occlusions ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... Hard Exudates • Occlusion ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... lung cancer • Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
• Discuss with endocrinology ... FE Urate post correction ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... Hyponatremia #Management #algorithm