18 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... - Differential ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Vision Loss - Differential ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... #Vision #Loss #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Blurry Vision - Differential ... degeneration • Diabetic ... Concussion Other Causes ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Diagnosis Algorithm ... persistent over at least ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #causes #endocrinology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Degeneration (Wet, Dry) Retina ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... Retinopathy (Background ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Hx of AKI/CKD ... Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... 21% - AKI on CKD ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Increased urea ... #Causes