23 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #causes #endocrinology
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... - Differential ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... of saccular venous ... ischemia causes ... neovascularization in the disc, macula ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... Pathophysiology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Anatomic Location - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Degeneration (Wet, Dry) Retina ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... D) Increased bone ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
narrowing and vascular ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
Proptosis - Differential ... - Metastatic (breast ... #Proptosis #Differential ... Unilateral #Bilateral #Causes ... #ophthalmology