44 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Sulfa Crystal!  Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on ... Urine Microscopy ... crystalluria is a cause ... of acute renal ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
at least 50% Renal ... Epithelial cell casts ... crystals • Calcium ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Na >30: Renal losses ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology