150 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
believed that urine sodium ... fractional excretion of sodium ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
: • Causes can ... volume overload Urea ... promoting passive sodium ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... , renal, and post-renal ... causes. ... Renal causes of ... #Sites #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
• Increased renal ... Hypoperfusion • Reduced renal ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
overdose) - Sodium ... Extrarenal Laxatives - Renal ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
shift • Saline Causes ... filtration - Renal ... blood flow and renal ... • Saline May Cause ... Instability: - Renal
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... protein/Cr - Renal ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Production • Renal ... Endocrinology #Causes