11 results
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
and Pathophysiology ... 1) Na/K ATPase ... Pump - Digoxin works ... causes: - Increased ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
disease states Pathophysiology ... precipitates with calcium ... to Manifest: 1. ... Hyperuricemia 2. ... • Metabolic syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... ultrasonography, serum calcium ... electrolytes, urea ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Resistance • Beta-2 ... antagonism • alpha-1 ... agonism • Digoxin ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... (formerly Type 1) ... • Urine sodium ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... demyelination syndrome ... #sodium
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
• Prevalence: 1- ... 2 cases per million ... Pathophysiology ... antibody that works ... others (botox, sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Calcineurin inhibitors, Digoxin ... reabsorption) Workup ... Treatments: • Calcium ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology