69 results
diagnosis differential causes hyponatremia low management hypokalemia neurology alkalosis metabolic potassium treatment aki kidney acute gitelman hypernatremia siadh workup cardiorenal
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Tubular Defects ... Localization #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... Epithelial Cells Renal ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... concentrating defect ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
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