55 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Functional Dyspepsia - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Risk factors: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Psychological comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori infection,
Functional Dyspepsia - Pathophysiology ... sex, Smoking Symptoms ... : Bothersome symptoms ... a structurally normal ... Diagnosis #Management #algorithm
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
(IBS) - Pathophysiology ... and Management Algorithm ... factors affecting symptom ... #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm
Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) - Diagnosis Algorithm
Does patient have recurrent episodes of urticaria, angioedema or isolated GI
Alpha-gal Syndrome ... AGS) - Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Nighttime symptoms ... often an early symptom ... activities in areas