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diagnosis differential hyponatremia management algorithm treatment causes neurology siadh workup comparison gitelman kidney low rhabdomyolysis uricacid acute agraphia aids aki
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Differential Diagnosis Table ... Serum Osm • Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #nephrology #sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Tumor Cell Lysis -> Release of DNA • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Precipitation => • Urate ... Nephropathy (low urine ... nephropathy (high urine
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Urine Na > 30 ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Crystals Uric Acid crystals: - Formation promoted by acidic urine - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... Seen in UTIs by urease-producing ... Crystals #comparison #table
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
limb Gitelman syndrome ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... sodium is typically ... the excretion of sodium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
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