15 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... • Increased urea ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Post transplant, Diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Causes
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes