640 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Thalassemia, Iron-deficiency ... Post-splenectomy, Vitamin E deficiency ... cells - G-6-PD deficiency ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic uremic
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency ... Thalassemia, Iron deficiency ... B12 or Folate deficiency ... Echinocyte): Artifact, Uremia ... Cell RBC: G6PD deficiency
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
-12, or folate deficiency ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... • Hemolytic anemia
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Electrolyte disturbance, Uremia ... Hypercarbia, Vitamin deficiency
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis ± Hyperglycemia ± Hyperosmolar
 • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis ± Hyperglycemia
- Thiamine Deficiency ... • Cirrhosis • Uremic
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
toxin-mediated hemolytic-uremic ... • Severe B12 deficiency ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency ... , Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Spoon-shaped • Iron deficiency ... anemia Onycholysis ... renal failure • Uremia
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
retention Unmasked Urea ... Defects • OTC deficiency ... (XLR) • Deficiency
Metabolic Acidosis with Anion Gap - KILU Mnemonic

K - Ketoacidosis
	• DKA
		- With normal glucose, ask if
inhibitors and SGLT2 deficiency ... linezolid U - Uremia