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Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Diagnosis: History, urinalysis ... UA) - Tubular (renal ... - Diaqnosis: Renal ... ultrasonography, urinalysis ... , renal biopsy
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
calculi/infection - Urinalysis ... suggest intrinsic renal
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
CBC w/ diff - Urinalysis ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... mostly ATN and pre-renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... (Pulmonary and renal ... for Pulmonary Renal ... , ESR, CRP • Urinalysis ... #Pulmonary #Renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis ... Nephrology for renal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
by microscopy (Urinalysis ... Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
Renal Cell Carcinoma ... palpable abdominal renal ... Potentially palpable renal ... Urinalysis: hematuria ... Percutaneous renal
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... used with normal renal ... #Urinalysis #crystals
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
persons on screening urinalysis ... Low-Risk: Repeat urinalysis ... with cystoscopy & renal
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC)

Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis:
1) Acute kidney injury
2) Abrupt onset of hypertension
3)
Scleroderma Renal ... of Scleroderma Renal ... hypertension 3) Abnormal urinalysis ... Monitoring • Renal ... #Scleroderma #Renal