23 results
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
- Classification ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Workup #urology #blood
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
INTRINSIC: - Glomerular ... cell casts on UA ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Approach to Acute Kidney ... require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Kidney Injury (AKI ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Drugs Glomerular ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Causes