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differential management acute syndrome microscopy renal sodium workup classification glomerular glomerulonephritis hyperkalemia injury kidney kidneyinjury nephritic nephritis proteinuria rhabdomyolysis syndromes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in ... urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Acute increase in ... Epithelial cell casts ... Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
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