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differential hyponatremia hematuria low management acute aki workup alkalosis hypokalemia metabolic treatment urology blood hypernatremia kidneyinjury nephritis nephrotic proteinuria syndrome
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #nephrology #casts
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Algorithm Polyuria ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Algorithm - Utilizing ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
• UA: sterile pyuria ... , WBC casts, eosinophiluria ... , microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Algorithm Persistent ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
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