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diagnosis differential alkalosis acute aki blood casts hyponatremia nephrotic proteinuria syndrome urology workup acutekidneyinjury ain atlas chloride comparison crystals dipstick
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient has hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... the excretion of sodium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Sodium Theophilus ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
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