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diagnosis differential aki syndrome urology blood kidneyinjury nephrotic workup acutekidneyinjury atlas comparison crystals dipstick glomerular glucosuria hepatology hepatorenal hrs instructions
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Urinalysis >3 ... repeat testing • Acute ... unilateral flank pain ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
(Urinalysis or ... : • Flank pain ... : - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... a variety of acute ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient has hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy Instructions - How to spin urine 1. Collect a fresh urine sample (5 – 10
Urine Microscopy ... the better, as casts ... perform a quick urinalysis ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Nephrology #Preparation
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... CBC w/ diff - Urinalysis ... /microscopy/UOP/ ... weights - Urine ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
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