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diagnosis differential management neurology hyponatremia potassium sodium workup alkalosis classification hyperkalemia injury kidney metabolic endocrinology hypophosphatemia table cancer cardiology clinical
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... #nephrology #hypokalemia
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... glycosides • High acute ... Elimination: • AKI ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... diuretics / Bartter's syndrome ... / Gittelman's syndrome ... intake • Liddle's syndrome
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
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