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diagnosis differential algorithm blood casts hematuria microscopy workup aki atlas diuresis diuretics excretion glomerulonephritis hyponatremia injury key kidney medications membranoproliferative
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... formation along glomerular ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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