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diagnosis differential algorithm hematuria blood casts microscopy workup acute aki atlas diuresis diuretics excretion glomerulonephritis hypokalemia injury key low medications
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... also be seen if urine ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Renal: - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... : - Glomerular ... - Interstitial nephritis ... Medullary sponge kidney ... #urology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... formation along glomerular ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... disease, and nephrotic ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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