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diagnosis differential algorithm blood hematuria hyperkalemia acute aki chloride diuresis diuretics framework gitelman hypochloremia hypophosphatemia injury intercellularshift k kidney management
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... • Evidence of glomerular ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Blood Work: - ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Elevated Renin Urine ... - Fractional excretion ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
- Reduced Excretion ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... hypotension) Decreased Glomerular ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
K+ Excretion: ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... excretion ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
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