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diagnosis nephrology differential hematuria acute hyponatremia management nephrotic renal syndrome urology workup blood glomerular instructions kidneyinjury nephritic nephritis syndromes treatment
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... , granular casts ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... unilateral flank pain ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury (AKI ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... severe cases ... Massive proteinuria ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... but can be seen in ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
syndrome: • Flank pain ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in ... urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #casts
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