30 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Syndrome and Nephritic ... Syndrome == Nephrotic ... Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... > 500 mg/d • Nephritic ... dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts ... , WBC casts) especially ... 5%) #Lupus #Nephritis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology