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diagnosis differential acute hematuria renal workup blood kidneyinjury nephrotic proteinuria syndrome urology acutekidneyinjury ain atlas comparison glomerulonephritis hyperkalemia injury intercellularshift
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
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