13 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pauci-Immune: - ANCA-positive ... polyangiitis) - ANCA-negative ... testing: anti-ANCA ... ab, anti-GBM ab ... , ANA, C3, C4, anti-CCP
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
ANA (Antinuclear ... Anti-Sm (Smith) ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... polyangiitis without renal ... + 90% • Anti-GBM
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
ANA - Non-specific ... Scleroderma (Diffuse) Anti-Sm ... c-ANCA - Vasculitis ... granulomatosis p-ANCA ... Anti-GBM - Goodpasture's
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
A group of necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitis without immune complex deposition. Complement levels are normal due
ANCA-Associated ... - C-ANCA pattern ... 90%, rarely PR3 Anti-GBM ... disease - MPO>PR3 ... @AnnKumfer #ANCA
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
of glomerular disease ... staining on IF • No EM ... cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA ... ) + • c-ANCA: ... staining • p-ANCA
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits: ANCA ... , ANA, Anti-GBM, ... Anti-ds-DNA, C3 ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
• Glomerular: ANCA ... Immune-complex disease ... , Anti-GBM • Tubular ... Bilateral ureteral disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
selected glomerular diseases ... (IM) - Electron ... Microscopy (EM) ... Amyloid RPGN • Anti-GBM ... #nephrology #pathology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
renal abnormalities ... ): • Microscopic ... glomerulonephritis) • Anti-GBM ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... • Urinalysis (Renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Summary Autoimmune ANCA ... membrane: Goodpasture ... Auto-antibodies: ANCA ... antibody, Anti-GBM ... usually low in anti-GBM