20 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... intake: • Lack of access ... perspiration Renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... losses, Diuretic ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal ... distention • Abdominal ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... volume loss - diuretics ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... liver failure • nephrotic ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Interstitial nephritis ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
CLINICAL • Nephritic ... syndrome (Casts ... proteinuria (may be nephrotic ... • No serologic tests ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology