15 results
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... , abdominal pain ... , Chronic spontaneous ... urticaria, Chronic ... Cold #Urticaria #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Family history, ultrasound ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... ; MRA; abdominal ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... 90%, Abnormal Abdominal ... Ultrasound High ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup
Osmotic:
 • Consider food diary and trial avoiding certain foods or meds, Consider
Chronic Diarrhea ... hydrogen breath test ... colonoscopy), Abdominal ... imaging (CT, ultrasound ... testing for celiac disease
USMLE Epidemiology and Biostatistics Summary
Meta-Analysis: pools data from several studies (greater power), limited by quality/bias of
who test positive ... who test negative ... > incidence in chronic ... how related two values ... #calculations #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal ... distention • Abdominal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
radiation dose Ultrasound ... of flank or abdominal ... retroperitoneal disease ... MRI - Limited value ... for non-calculus causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
And BMP Normal Values ... - Differential Diagnosis ... restrictive lung disease ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology