36 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Renal failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
poisoning Normal acid-base ... to diarrhea, a high ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... • Lower uric acid ... Drug-induced • High ... • Diabetic acidosis ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... di-basic amino acids ... in kidney and intestine ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... #Kidney #Injury ... Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... d-Penicillamine, ascorbic acid ... #nephrology #nephrolithiasis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #differential # ... algorithm #causes #nephrology